StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...

Salamander Surgery - Essay Example

Cite this document
Summary
The use of animals for research purposes has been a generally accepted practice. Research with animals gained significant contributions not only to contribute to advances in human development but to increase understanding of animal behavior and growth as well…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER96.4% of users find it useful
Salamander Surgery
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "Salamander Surgery"

Download file to see previous pages

Utilitarian philosophy upholds the principle of equal consideration of interests such that all things being equal utmost consideration should be given to that which would bring the most happiness and benefit and would cause less pain and suffering. This assumes that creatures of equal characteristics should be given equal consideration. Australian philosopher Professor Peter Singer in 1975 in a landmark article "All Animals are Equal" (475) argues that discriminating against animals as different from humans is nothing different from racism and sexism.

There is a lack of consideration for others who may be different in some aspects but are similar in some. He calls this "speciesism", originally quoting Dr. Richard Ryder, referring to the attitude of bias towards the interest of members of one's own species and against those members other species. Citing Jeremy Bentham, founder of the reforming utilitarian school of moral philosophy, Singer contends that the capacity for suffering and enjoyment forms the basis for equal consideration of humans and animals. . If racists violates the principle of equality by their prejudice against those of other races, and a sexist violates this same principle by favoring the interests of the members of the same sex, similarly speciesists, without considering that both animals and humans are capable of experiencing pain and suffering, allows the exploitation of other species for their own species' benefit.

However, the utilitarian perspective may also be used to justify the use of animals in research to some extent. This opinion considers the benefit of animal research in the scientific field over the cost imposed on animals. Ironically as opposed to anti-speciesist stance of Singer, it is the significant differences between humans and animals such as higher cognition and language ability that forms the basis of this justification. Critics of this variation of utilitarian view maintain that it is unjust to justify animal research with that argument as it supposes that animals are willing participants in research oblivious of the real costs of their involvement (Kimmel, 251).

The Rights ArgumentThe main argument against the use of animals in research as articulated by Tom Regan in his article "The Case for Animal Rights" (1985) is that all beings "equally" share an "inherent value" as living creatures. Recognition of this inherent value as individuals can lead to recognition of animals of their right to be treated with respect and not inflicted with any pain or anguish. Regan as a self confessed animal rights advocate calls for the following goals (481): The total abolition of the use of animals in science;The total dissolution of commercial animal agriculture;The total elimination of commercial and sport hunting and trapping;Regan attacks the

...Download file to see next pages Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words”, n.d.)
Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words. Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1513909-salamander-surgery
(Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 Words)
Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 Words. https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1513909-salamander-surgery.
“Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 Words”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1513909-salamander-surgery.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Salamander Surgery

Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca: Texas Campaign

This essay describes the adventures of the Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, that is debatably the “first European of historic importance to set foot on the soil of present-day Texas”.... The researcher discusses the odysseys in Texas and Mexico, which he later recorded in the Relación.... hellip; This essay follows the history of colonial Texas....
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

Seals which belong to this taxonomic order: Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, Suborder Pinnipedia, Family Phocidae, Subfamily Phocinae, Genus Phoca, Species Phoca vitulina have a counter-current system in their flippers to maintain the body temperature even though blood circulates to these flippers and back to the core of the body(Norwalk, 2005)....
7 Pages (1750 words) Essay

Should Doctors Performing Plastic Surgery Be More Regulated

The earliest plastic surgery was practiced in India and later spread to Europe and America.... This is a practice known as pediatric craniofacial surgery.... It is also used Deformities caused by fractures are treated through plastic surgery referred to as adult craniofacial surgery.... This type of surgery is also used to heal hereditary deformities of the head.... Plastic surgery is important in the treatment of burns, especially for acute burns....
11 Pages (2750 words) Essay

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Salamander Populations

In the paper “Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in salamander Population” the writes discusses the role of salamander population in the ecosystem function.... salamander tissue is higher in protein content than that of birds and mammals and represents a source of high-quality energy.... Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in salamander Populations The article “Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in salamander Populations in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire”, by Thomas M....
2 Pages (500 words) Book Report/Review

Ohio's Wetlands

The United States Environmental Protection Agency defines wetlands as “lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities living in the soil and on its surface” (p.... 2).... There are… They are swamp, marshes, vernal pool, beaver impoundment and bogs....
5 Pages (1250 words) Term Paper

Historical Development of Robotic Surgery

This reflects a surgical robot which is actually a computerized system and although it may not be able to take the role of a surgeon, but it improves the surgery to… The present study has been considered to learn on the technique, its development, implications and influences. It was in the 1920s that robots were invented that could perform the actions of human beings.... In the context of the technology, studies reveal that the use of surgical remote robots enables the need for lesser number of surgeons and medical professionals in the conduct of any surgery....
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

Literary Analysis . book analysis the book named Ender's game

The book has since been adopted into several novella and sequels.... In 2013 director Gavin Hood and Card as the co-director directed a film by the same name with Asa Butterfield as the staring.... The book is set in… Earth has since fought two wars with the insectoid species “Buggers” and is anticipating a third invasion....
5 Pages (1250 words) Essay

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

The author of this coursework "Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy " describes the anatomy of different animals.... This paper outlines the maintenance of temperature, characteristics of the mammalian heart, the integumentary system, and the adaptation of animals.... nbsp;… The body temperature of seals is protected by their thick layer of subcutaneous blubber against their living environment's (cold seawater) ) temperature which is ranging from 0° to 15°C....
7 Pages (1750 words) Coursework
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us